Vitae

Santiago Carbo-Valverde

                                                             Curriculum Vitae

March 2025

 

Personal and contact info:

– Born in Gandía (Valencia, Spain) on July 25th 1966.

– Current University Address: Departamento de Análisis Económico, Facultad de Economía, Avenida Tarongers, s/n, Universitat de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.

– Telephone: (+34) 9616225507

– E-mail: santiago.carbo@uv.es

Current affiliation:

Professor of Economics at the Universidad de Valencia (Spain) since November 2022.

Select other and previous affiliations/positions

– Professor of Economics, University of Granada, (2020-2022)

– Professor of Economics and Finance – CUNEF Business School, Madrid – Spain (full-time in 2017-2020)

– Professor of Economics and Finance – Bangor Business School, Bangor University – UK (full-time in 2012-2017,  part-time in 2017-2020)

– (2017-2020): Head of the Department of Economics, CUNEF Business, School (Spain).

– (2013-). Independent Board member of Cecabank. Currently Chairman of its Remmuneration Committee.

– (2020-) Independent board member of Instituto Valenciano de Finanzas (IVF), chairman of its Risk evaluation committee.

– (2020-2022), Consultant of the World Bank.

– (1996-) Head of Financial Studies and (since 2016) Executive Director of the “Observatorio de Finanzas y Tecnología” (OFT), Fundación Funcas , Madrid.

– (2014-2016, 2016-2018) Member of the Group of Economic Advisers (GEA) of ESMA (European Securities and Markets Authority)

– (2017) President of International Banking, Economics and Finance Association (IBEFA)

– (2014-2016) Vice-President of International Banking, Economics and Finance Association (IBEFA).

– (2018-2019) Board member of International Banking, Economics and Finance Association (IBEFA).

– (2016-2017) Impact champion coordinator for the Research Excellence Framework (REF) – Bangor Business School.

– (2011-2014) Chairman and member of the Board of Game Stores Iberia S.A.

– (2011-2016) Chairman of rating committee in Axesor, S. A. (first Spanish rating agency).

– (2016-) External Examiner- Said Business School, Oxford University

– (2016-) Project referee – European Research Council (ERC).

– (2009, 2011-2013): Consultant, European Central Bank

– (2008-2012): Consultant, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (full-time during 2008 and part-time during 2009-2012).

– (2006-2008): Dean, School of Economics and Business, University of Granada (Spain).

– (2004-2006): Head of the Department of Economics, University of Granada (Spain).

– (2003-2012) Professor of Economics, University of Granada (Spain)

– (1995-2012) Associate Professor of Economics, University of Granada (Spain)

– (1991-1995) Lecturer in Economics, University of Granada (Spain)

Education:

1993 – Ph. D. in Economics, University of Wales, Bangor (UK)

1990 – M.A. in Banking and Finance, University of Wales, Bangor (UK)

1989 – B.A. in Economics, Universidad de Valencia (Spain)

Select journal articles

 

Carbo-Valverde, S., Martín Ríos, R. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2025), «Exploring Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychology in digital financial decision-making: betrayal aversion and risk behavior», Brain Imaging and Behaviour, volume 19, forthcoming.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Cuadros Solas, P.J.and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2025), «Cryptocurrency ownership and cognitive biases in perceived financial literacy «, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 45, 101019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2024.101019

Casu, B., Carbo-Valverde, S., Girardone, C., Wilson, J. and J. Williams (2024), «Professor Philip Molyneux: A Tribute», Bancaria, 10/2014, págs. 81-88, Italian Banking Association.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Cuadro Solas. P.J., Rodriguez Fernandez, F. and J.J. Sánchez Béjar (2024), «Digital Innovation and De-Branching in the Banking Industry: Customer Perception and Satisfaction», Global Policy, 2024; 15 (Suppl. 1): 8–20. DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13313

Carbo-Valverde, S., Cuadros Solas, P.J., Rodriguez Fernandez, F. and J.J. Sánchez Bejar (2023), «Mobility restrictions and payment choices: the case of the Covid-19 pandemic», Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 40,100850, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2023.100850

 

Rouse, M., Bátiz Lazo, B. and S. Carbo-Valverde (2023), «M-Pesa and the Role of the Entrepreneurial State in a Cashless Technology to Deliver an Inclusive Financial Sector», Essays in Economic and Business History, 41(1), pp. 109-133.

Carbo-Valverde, S. and O. Rehbein (2023), «Nowhere Else To Go: Determinants of Bank–Firm Relationship Discontinuations after Bank Mergers», Finance Research Letters, nº 54, 103808, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.103808

Allen, J., Carbo-Valverde, S., Chakravorti, S., Rodriguez Fernandez, F. and O. Pinar Ardic (2022), «Assessing Incentives to Increase Digital Payment Acceptance and Usage: A Machine Learning Approach», PLoS ONE, 17(11): e0276203.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276203.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Cuadros Solas, P.J. and F. Rodriguez Fernandez (2022), «Entrepreneurial, institutional and financial strategies for FinTech profitability», Financial Innovation, 8:15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-021-00325-2, SpringerOpen.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Rodriguez Fernandez, F. and A. Saunders (2021), «Underwriting bank bonds: information sharing, certification and distribution networks», Journal of Corporate Finance, vol 70, 102057, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.102057

 

Carbo-Valverde, S., Cuadros Solas, P.J. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2021), «The Effects of Negative Interest Rates:  A Literature Review and Additional Evidence on the Performance of the European Banking Sector», The European Journal of Finance, vol. 27, nº 18, págs. 1908–1938 DOI:10.1080/1351847X.2021.1927784

Carbo-Valverde, S., Cuadros Solas, P.J. and F. Rodriguez Fernandez (2021), «Non-pricing drivers of underwriters’ market shares in corporate bond markets», International Review of Economics and Finance, vol. 76, pp. 671-693.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Cuadros Solas, P.J. and F. Rodriguez-Fernandez (2021), «The impact of lending relationships on the choice and structure of bond underwriting syndicates», Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101403, vol. 74, 101403.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Cuadros-Solas, P.J. and F. Rodriguez-Fernandez (2020), «Do bank bailouts have an impact on the underwriting business?» Journal of Financial Stability, vol. 49, 100756,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2020.100756.

Iwanicz-Drozdowska, M., Witkowski, B. and Santiago Carbo-Valverde (2020), «“When in Rome, do as Romans”. Similarities of banks performance drivers in CESEE», Bank i Kredyt, vol. 51(5), págs. 467-504.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Cuadros-Solas, P. and F. Rodriguez Fernandez (2020), «A machine learning approach to the digitalization of bank customers: evidence from random and causal forests», PLoS ONE 15(10):e0240362. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240362

Carbo-Valverde, S., Lacomba-Arias, J. A., Lagos-Garcia, F., Rodriguez-Fernandez, F. and J. Verdejo-Roman (2020), «Brain Sustrates explain differences in the adoption and degree of financial digitalization», Nature-Scientific Reports, vol. 10,17512 (2020), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74554-3.

Carbo-Valverde, S. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2020),»Financial Digitalization: Banks, Fintech, Bigtech and     Consumers»,    Journal of Financial Management, Markets and Institutions,       vol 8, nº 1, págs 2040001-1 – 2040001-13.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Cuadro Solas. P.J. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2020), «The effect of banks’ IT investments on the digitalization of their customers», Global Policy, Vol. 11, Special Issue, Supplement 1, January 2020,  9-17.

Carbo-Valverde, S. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2018),»Do banks game on dynamic provisioning?»,Journal of Financial Management, Markets and Institutions, vol 6, nº 1, págs 1850002-1 – 1850002-22

Carbo-Valverde, S., Mayordomo S. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2018), «Disentangling the effects of household financial           constraints and risk profile on mortgage rates», Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, vol 56, 76–100.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Cuadros Solas, P.J. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2017), «Do banks and industrial companies have equal access to reputable underwriters in debt markets?», Journal of Corporate Finance, vol 45, 176-202.

Carbo-Valverde, S. (2017), «The Impact on Digitalization on Banking and Financial Stability», Journal of Financial Management, Markets and Institutions, vol 5, nº 1, 133-140

Carbo-Valverde, S., Rodríguez Fernández, F. and R. Rosen (2017), «Are Covered Bonds a Substitute for Mortgage-Backed Securities?», Journal of Economic Policy Reform, vol. 20, nº 3, 238-253.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Chakravorti, B. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2016), «The Role of Interchange Fees in Two-sided Markets: An Empirical Investigation on Payment Cards», The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 98 (2), págs 367-381.

Carbo-Valverde, S., F. Rodríguez Fernández and G. Udell, (2016), «Trade credit, the Financial Crisis and Firms Access to Finance», Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, vol. 48, nº 1, págs. 113-143

Qi, M., Carbo-Valverde, S. and F. Rodriguez (2016), «The diffusion pattern of non-cash payments: evidence from China», International Journal of Technology Management,  vol. 70, nº 1, págs. 44-57.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Degryse, H. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2015), «The impact of securitization on credit rationing: empirical evidence», Journal of Financial Stability, vol. 20, 36-50.

Carbo-Valverde, S.and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2014), «ATM withdrawals, debit card transactions at the point of sale and the demand for currency», SERIEs, vol. 5, 399-417.

Carbo-Valverde, S. (2014), «Trust in banks after the financial crisis», Journal of Financial Perspectives, vol. 2 (issue 2), July 2014.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Kane, E. and F. Rodríguez Fernández,(2013), «Safety-net benefits conferred on difficult-to-fail-and-unwind banks in the US and EU before and during the great recession «, Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 37, 1845-1859.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Kane, E. and F. Rodríguez Fernández, (2012), «Regulatory arbitrage in cross-border banking mergers within the EU», Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, vol. 44, 1609-1629.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Liñares Zegarra, J.M. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2012), «Feedback Loop Effects in Payment Card Markets: Empirical Evidence «, Review of Network Economics, vol. 11, article 2.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Marqués Ibáñez, D. and F. Rodríguez Fernández, (2012), «Securitization, risk transferring and financial stability: the case of Spain» Journal of International Money and Finance, vol. 31, 80-101.

Carbo-Valverde, S. and J.M. Liñares Zegarra (2011), «How effective are rewards programs in promoting payment card usage? Empirical evidence», Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 35, 3275-3291.

Carbo-Valverde, S. Hannan, T. and F. Rodríguez Fernández,(2011), «Exploiting Old Customers and Attracting New Ones: the case of Bank Deposit Pricing», European Economic Review, vol. 55, 903-915.

Carbo-Valverde, S. and R. López del Paso (2010), “Does the development of non-cash payments affect bank lending?”, The Manchester School, vol. 78, nº 5, 412-436.

Carbo-Valverde, S. and M.A. Fortes Escalona (2010), «Spatial Cournot equilibrium: do branches matter?», Annals of Regional Science, vol 44, 377-407.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Rodríguez Fernández, F. and G. Udell (2009), «Bank market power and SME financing constraints», Review of Finance, vol. 13, 309-340.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Humphrey D., Maudos J. and P. Molyneux (2009), «Cross-Country Comparisons of Competition and Pricing Power in European Banking», Journal of International Money and Finance, vol. 28, 115-134.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Kane, E., and F. Rodriguez (2008), «Evidence of Differences in the Effectiveness of Safety Net Management in European Union Countries», Journal of Financial Services Research, vol. 34, 151-176.

Scholnick, B., Massoud, N., Saunders, A., Carbo-Valverde, S. and F. Rodriguez-Fernandez (2008), «The Economics of Credit Cards, Debit Cards and ATMs: A Survey and Some New Evidence», Journal of Banking and Finance, vol 32, 1468-1483.

Carbo-Valverde, S.  (2007), «Implications of Basel II for different bank ownership patterns in Europe», Atlantic Economic Journal, vol. 35(4), 391-397.

 Carbo-Valverde, S., Humphrey, D. and R. López del Paso (2007)»Opening the Black Box: Finding the Source of Cost Inefficiency», Journal of Productivity Analysis, vol. 27(3), June, 209-220.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Humphrey, D. and R. López del Paso (2007), «Do Cross-Country Differences in Bank Efficiency Support a Policy of «National Champions»?», Journal of Banking and Finance, vol 31, 2173-2188.

Carbo-Valverde, S. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2007), «The determinants of bank margins in European banking», Journal of Banking and Finance, vol 31, 2043-2063.

Carbo-Valverde, S., López del Paso, R. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2007), «Financial innovations in banking: impact on regional growth», Regional Studies, vol. 41 (3), 311-326.

Altunbas, Y., Carbo, S., Gardener E.P.M. and P. Molyneux, (2007), «Examining the Relationships between Capital, Risk and Efficiency in European Banking», European Financial Management, vol. 13, nº1, 49-70.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Gardener E. and P. Molyneux (2007), «Financial Exclusion in Europe», Public Money and Management, Vol. 27, No. 1, February 2007, 21-27.

Carbo-Valverde, S. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2005), «New Evidence of Scope Economies among Lending, Deposit-taking, Loan Commitments and Mutual Fund Activities», Journal of Economics and Business, vol. 57, 187-207.

Berenguer, M.I., Carbo, S. and M.A. Fortés (2005), «Cournot Competition in a Two-Dimensional Circular City», The Manchester School, vol. 73, nº1 40-49.

Carbo-Valverde, S. and F. Rodríguez, (2004), «The Finance-Growth Nexus. A Regional Perspective», European Urban and Regional Studies, vol. 11, nº 4, 339-354.

Carbo-Valverde, S. and D. Humphrey (2004), «Predicted and Actual Costs from Individual Bank Mergers», Journal of Economics and Business, vol. 56, 137-157.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Humphrey, D. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2003), «Bank Deregulation is Better than Mergers», Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, vol. 13, nº 5, December, 429-449.

Carbo-Valverde, S., Gardener, E.P.M. and J. Williams, (2003), «A Note on Technical Change in Banking: The Case of European Savings Banks», Applied Economics, vol. 35 , nº 6, 705-719.

Carbo-Valverde Valverde, S., Humphrey, D. and F. Rodríguez Fernández (2002) «Deregulation, Bank Competition and Regional Growth», Regional Studies, vol. 37, nº 3, 227-237.

Carbo-Valverde, S. Gardener, E.P.M. and J. Williams (2002), «Efficiency in Banking: Empirical Evidence from the Savings Banks Sector», The Manchester School, vol. 70, nº 2, March 2002, 204-228.

Select Books and book chapters:

 

 

Santiago Carbo-Valverde and Pedro J. Cuadros (2023)(eds.), New Challenges for the Banking Industry. Searching for Balance Between Corporate Governance, Sustainability and Innovation, Palgrave McMillan, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham (Switzerland).

Santiago Carbo-Valverde, Cuadros, Pedro J. and Francisco Rodriguez (2023), «The Digitalization of the European Industry: Some Evidence», in Santiago Carbó and Pedro J. Cuadros (eds.), New Challenges for the Banking Industry. Searching for Balance Between Corporate Governance, Sustainability and Innovation, págs. 255-281 (capítulo 10). Palgrave McMillan, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham (Suiza).

Santiago Carbo-Valverde, Juan José Ganuza, Daniel Peña and Pilar Poncela (2023)(eds.), Análisis Financiero y Big Data, Funcas.

Santiago Carbo-Valverde, Pedro J. Cuadros, and Francisco Rodriguez (2021), «FinTech and Banking: An Evolving Relationship», in T. King, F. Saverio Stentella Lopes, A. Srivastav and J. Williams (eds.), Disruptive Technology in Banking and Finance. An International Perspective on FinTech, Palgrave Studies in Financial Services Technology, Springer Nature Switzerland, Suiza, Chapter 6 (pp. 161-194).

Santiago Carbo-Valverde and Francisco Rodriguez (2016), «Small Business Lending», in Thornsten Beck and Barbara Casu (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of European Banking, Palgrave McMillan, London (UK), Ch. 10. 231-255.

Santiago Carbo-Valverde and Francisco Rodriguez (2016), «The Single Euro Payment AREA (SEPA): Implementation in Spain», in B. Batiz-Bazo and L. Efthymiou (eds.), The Book of Payments. Historical and Contemporary View on the Cashless Society , Palgrave McMillan, Basingstoke (UK), 351-358.

Santiago Carbo-Valverde, Cuadros, Pedro J. and Francisco Rodriguez (2016), «The Reputable Underwriting Matching in Corporate Bond Issuances: Evidence for Non-financial Bonds», in Santiago Carbó, Pedro J. Cuadros and Francisco Rodriguez (eds.), Bank Funding, Financial Instruments and Decision-Making in the Banking Industry, Palgrave McMillan, Basingstoke (UK), 95-115.

Santiago Carbo-Valverde, Cuadros Pedro J. and Francisco Rodriguez (2016)(eds.), Bank Funding, Financial Instruments and Decision-Making in the Banking Industry, Palgrave McMillan, Basingstoke (UK).

Santiago Carbo-Valverde, Cuadros Pedro J. and Francisco Rodriguez (2016)(eds.), Liquidity Risk, Efficiency and New Banking Business Models, Palgrave McMillan, Basingstoke (UK).

Santiago Carbo-Valverde and María J. Nieto (2016), «Bank Crisis Resolution and the Insufficiency of Fiscal Stops:         The Case of Spain», in J. Barth and G. Kaufman (eds) The First Great Financial Crisis of the 21st Century. A retrospective, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, Ch. 17,  461-487.

Santiago Carbó, Cuadros Pedro J. and Francisco Rodriguez (2016), «Financial Regulation in Spain», in R. Kattel, J. Kregel and M. Tonveronachi (eds.), Financial Regulation in the European Union, Routledge, Abingdon (UK), Ch. 5, 109-132.

Santiago Carbo-Valverde and Luis Pedauga (2013), «Financial Stability and Economic Growth», in Juan Fernandez de Guevara and José Manuel Pastor (eds.), Crisis, Risk and Stability in Financial Markets, Palgrave McMillan, Basingstoke (UK), Ch. 1, 8-23.

Santiago Carbo-Valverde, David Humphrey and Francisco Rodriguez-Fernández,(2011), «A Revenue-Based Frontier Measure of Banking competition», en Philip Molyneux (ed.), Bank Performance, Risk and Firm Financing, Palgrave McMillan, Basingstoke (UK), Ch. 6, 135-153.

Santiago Carbo-Valverde (2010),»Financial Crisis and Regulation: the Case of Spain», in Robert R. Bliss and George G. Kaufman, (eds.) Financial Institutions and Markets. The Financial Crisis: An Early Perspective, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, US. Ch. 5, 127-145.

Santiago Carbo-Valverde and David B. Humphrey (2009), «Technological innovation in banking: the shift to ATMs and implicit pricing of network convenience», in Luisa Anderloni, David T. Llewellyn, Reinhard H. Schmidt, (eds.) Financial Innovation in Retail and Corporate Banking, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. Chapter. 4, pp. 59-110.

Santiago Carbo and Francisco Rodríguez (2006), «Pricing strategies in European banking: specialization, technology and intertemporal smoothing», en Balling, M., Lierman, F. and A. Mullineaux (eds.), Competition and Profitability in European Financial Services. Strategic, systemic and policy issues, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, Abingdon, Oxon, UK, Chapter 9.

Santiago Carbo, David Humphrey and Rafael López (2006), «Electronic payments and ATMs: changing technology and cost efficiency in banking», en Balling, M., Lierman, F. and A. Mullineaux (eds.), Competition and Profitability in European Financial Services. Strategic, systemic and policy issues, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, Abingdon, Oxon, UK, Chapter 8.

Santiago Carbo, Edward P.M. Gardener and Philip Molyneux, (2005), Financial Exclusion, Palgrave-MacMillan, Basingstoke (UK).

 

 

 

Main Teaching experience

Undergraduate:

Financial System: Institutions and Markets

Industrial Organization

Microeconomics

International Economics and Finance

Postgraduate:

Banking

Financial intermediation theory

Economics of Banking

Bank Management

 

 

Select competitive funded research projects

(2021-) Researcher in the Research Project PID2020-118883GB-I00 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation «Servicios financieros minoristas tras la pandemia. Mercados, estructura y comportamiento».

(2018-2021) Director of the Research Project PGC2018-099415-B-I00 of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness: «Digitalización financiera en un contexto de revolución digital: competencia, regulación y adopción».

(2015-2018) Director of the Research Project ECO2015-67656-P of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness: «Digitalización y servicios financieros: efectos en el sector bancario, medios de pago e inclusión financiera».

(2013-2014): Researcher for the VII Framework Programme Project “Financialisation, Economy, Society & Sustainable development” (FESSUD).

(2012-2014): Director of the Research Project of the Spanish Ministry of Science: MCIN-FEDER ECO2011-27954 «Regulación financiera y sector bancario en tiempos de inestabilidad: mecanismos de prevención y resolución de crisis”

(2009-2011): Director of the Research Project of the Spanish Ministry of Science MCIN-FEDER ECO2008-05243/ECON «Organización industrial para la economía bancaria: mercados relevantes, competencia y costes de cambio

(2005-2008): Director of the research Project of the Spanish Ministry of Science MEC-FEDER SEJ2005-04927/ECON: “La dimensión social de la industrial de servicios financieros y su incidencia en el crecimiento económico.

(2005-2007) Director of the Research Project of the BBVA-Excellence Research Grants on “Retail payment systems in Europe and the US”.

(2003-2005) Researcher for the project of the BBVA-Excellence Research Grants on “Integration, competition and Efficiency in Europe”.

(2002-): Researcher for the project «European Integration, Financial Systems and Corporate Performance» (Special Service Agreement IB-2002-SSA-O-00046 by Intech, The United Nations University). Contract with the European Union, DG Research (Contract HPSE-CT-1999-00039

(2002-2005): Director of the research Project SEC2002-00348 (2002 edition), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology and FEDER: «La contribución de la integración de los sistemas bancarios europeos a la competitividad, crecimiento y bienestar social». Director: Santiago Carbo-Valverde.

 (2001-2002): Researcher in the Project for the European Commission nº MARKT/2001/10/A: «Structural changes and trends in the internal market for financial services.

Select editorial activities and committee membership

– Chief editor of The Journal of Financial Management, Markets and Institutions (2017-2022)

–  Chief editor of the Spanish journal “Papeles de Economía Española”

– Associate Editor of the “Journal of Financial Stability”.

– Member of the editorial board of “Financial Stability Review- Bank of Spain”.

– Member of the European Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee

Collaboration in media: weekly articulist in El Pais newspaper (most read newspaper in Spain) from 2014 to 2023. At the moment he writes regularly for Cinco Dias, La Vanguardia and El Pañis. Also collaborates in many other written, TV and radio media (both in Spain and internationally, including the BBC).

Social networks

Twitter: @scarboval +7000 followers

LinkedIn: +5000 followers